The History of the Environment
The History of the Environment
The prosperity of civilization in different cultures and parts of the World indicates an evident connection between an in-depth knowledge of biology and the specific culture's potential for development. Without a doubt, a healthy relationship is seen with this rule, even in other sciences. Still, it is particularly evident in biology, as this is so close to human health and well-being.
A Beautiful Memory that Attracts Modern Science and Art
With glowing passion and warmth, it is still spoken among the residents of Entoto about when the water level a reasonable time after the rainy season still stood one metre higher in Entoto's canyon streams and its enchanting nature rock baths. It is thus quite close to the time when Entoto's mountain massif and its canyons could carry significantly higher water quantity and therefore supply the population in the Capital with fresh water to a much greater extent.
Ethiopia and the River Nile
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First, in 1968, science could muster the adventure of the more significant source to the Nile and its mighty water flow by following an arduous journey through Ethiopia's deep gorges and canyons. |
The Prehistoric Legacy of Water and Plants.
Ethiopia's considerable rainwater resources were probably not so contradictory in ancient times since the county's landscape still had the water-saturating properties of its original vegetation. Ethiopia's historical water capacity was mainly due to water-absorbing properties within the Highland's abundant natural soil and vegetation. The same native vegetation was NaturNature'sicate ancient harbouring high-tech of this water, not only by preventing it from draining but also functioning as numerous very efficient receivers of deluges and their torrents, thus preventing the water masses from being wasted away to the Mediterranean Sea.Ethiopia's Plants and Their Ground
The Sciences of Hydrology Evolution's Nature
Prehistorically in Ethiopia, this receiving water system of plants and soils fulfilled in antiquity still retains their natural properties to withhold much water and nourishment within its landscape's mountain massif and deeper soils. These vital water-preserving and harbouring properties of the ancient Ethiopian Highland prepared and guarded Nature for a still unknown dry season in the coming years. Furthermore, Nature's organic protective and shielding mechanism still at this remote time fulfilled nature's natural character to protect and save this precious water. This Nature's secret high-tech from the aeons of antiquity then carefully purified the deluges and stored the seasonal rainfall typical for the ancient natural scene and native organisms. These organic evolutionary optimized creations of endemic trees and plants with their network of roots are the highly demanded biological tissue - crucial as powerful shielding mechanisms in the landscape and creating the required protection against erosion.Ethiopia's Historical Water Landscape
Thus, Ethiopia's indigenous plants' evolution provided its landscape from ancient aeons with Ethiopia's plants' immense robust, vastly reinforcing and deep root system. Therefore, this native Ethiopian vegetation directed the seasonal deluges into the mountain massif's aquifers and served as gigantic underground buffering reservoirs. The physical properties of Ethiopia's Highland landscape and the effects of its organisms' ground symbiosis historically provided Nature with natural and highly effective water reservoirs whose functions were massively physical receivers of the floods. Hence, Ethiopia's Nature and landscape historically supplied water-engulfing properties, thus preventing the country's water masses from rushing down the country's slopes towards Egypt. Thereby existed a very dominant and historically significant era when Ethiopia's landscape could withhold a large proportion of the water within the borders of Ethiopia.The Eucalyptus Tree's Groundwater Destruction
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| The Eucalyptus Problem |
A chemical component with an intricate competition-oriented toxic defence system in the leaves and roots of Eucalyptus trees prevents the growth of other trees and herbs. This chemical component leads to a mono-culture with Eucalyptus as the only tree species and eventually no ground cover. This chemical component causes severe erosion, easily observed in the water running through Addis connected with the rainy seasons.
The Environmental Dangers of the Eucalyptus Tree.
Due to these shortcomings in the water-preserving capacity of the Eucalyptus plantation, it cannot counterbalance the uneven distribution of rain. The result is often torrential flooding in the down-slope areas, in this case, the northern district of Addis Ababa. In August 1994, it created a fatal danger because of overwhelming and sudden flooding.Ethiopia's and Nature's Heritage:
A Delicate and Precious Legacy of SymbioNature'ss ancient Nature's secretive high-tech heritage is nothing less than Nature's own concealed, gentle and symbiotic way of making very advanced synergies with the most vital properties between the indigenous vegetation, organisms and soil mechanics. With its tremendous guardian effect on the landscape's soil layers, this ancient and protective symbiosis between the native plants, microorganisms and soils created powerful water-receiving mechanisms for the ground's hydrology. Therefore, a prehistoric synergy and highly intricate creation of biology and earth appear with shielding ground properties and thus the ability to naturally absorb and store the deluges for the future within the gigantic aquifers of often ancient water (paleowateNature's to this, the science of prehistory, in antiquity, the foundation of Nature's creation, established the World's crust to gather and protect the soil's most vital water-purifying properties. Thereby, in early prehistory, this delicate and multitude symbiotic process for life thus initiated the foundation to build a reliable and loyal base for the inhabitants of the Earth's Nature.The Natural Optimized Storage of Purified Water.
These advanced but concealed water-preserving mechanisms in the remote past were to store this water for the yearly dry seasons and, even more, keep the purified water for countless years within the natural underground aquifers. Nature's prehistoric creation of retaining and purifying water consisted of Nature's own indigenous optimized selection of native plants and soils. These native plants and their unique soils then directed the rainwater by physical blocking properties and guided it into the ground. Due to these intricate synergies of roots' and soils' symbiotic enhancements, the past landscape absorbed the seasonal deluges, reminiscent of a myriad of microscopic and underground seeking natural Naturedelivering tube systems. The indigenous plants and trees have provided Nature with an immense robust, soil-reinforcing, well-anchored root system. Therefore, this native Ethiopian vegetation directed the seasonal deluges into the mountain's natural underground reservoirs. Thus, the torrential floods in antiquity were directed toward Ethiopia's thick soil layers and the deeper groundwater reservoirs.
Ethiopia's Historical Rainfall & Deluges.
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| The water-retaining properties of native Highland vegetation and its trees can be considered and scientifically analyzed using similar methods for highly complex dam constructions. The Torrential Rains and Erosion |
Historically, these large quantities of torrential precipitations were absorbed and accumulated for a long time within the borders of Ethiopia, with the result that the total water flows in the country were greatly extended over time and, at the same time, subdued in its sudden and erosive overflows. These floodwaters were thus regularly swallowed by Ethiopia's geology, landscape and vegetation during each rainy period. The abundance of rainwater began to flow further into the Nile only after these were fully saturated.
Ethiopia's Highlands:
The World's Water & Culture Cradle.
The meteorological phenomenon known as orographic precipitation (OP) is shown above the image [1]. This mountainous and high-altitude weather condition is a well-known and evident scientific phenomenon that describes how the incoming clouds transform their moisture into rain (OP) as they rise over a high mountain and its chilly massif. However, this mountain massif need not be close to potential civilization to deliver high volumes of water. Still, the source of the precipitation and the beneficial countries may be very distant from one another, such as the Ethiopian Highlands and the Egyptian civilization. The Ethiopian Highlands is a historical example here, which, despite its remoteness, is nevertheless the most significant carrier of the water that arrives in Egypt's civilization through the Nile River.Psychopathy Against the Population
Due to this background of shortcomings in knowledge within international cultures, reoccurring through history follows a deterioration of the environment. This destruction of the environment occurs because an ignorant, nefariously fabricated elite demands supremacy in overwhelming megalomania with the delusion of grandeur. Thus, the leaders of these dictatorships created their businesses in reluctance for the temporary costs regarding the concerns for humans and the country and, maybe most devastating, reproduced their psychopathic genes of terror. They prevailed in lurking threat through corrosive deception of old heritage within the most deep-rooted part of the population's fear. From antiquity, this human factor of fear has been a specific part of the human genome, working within the prehistoric emotional trigger DNA mechanisms.
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Cataclysms and Covert Deception:
Unveiling the Secrets of the Genome
Ancient DNA provided humankind with the most vital part of the human surviving oriented genome intended as a crucial defence mechanism against dangerous predators or fatal cataclysms. Concluded thereby, the historical autocracies' despotism succeeded by the most sinister threat of despotic manipulation, delivering a devastating deadlock for the suffering inhabitants and directing them into destructively harmful actions against the population's health and destruction of the near future civilization. Of course, the ruling power's silent terror of duping despotism becomes the triggering factor to a new social fashion and firmly activates this as even a malignant cultural ideal.
Megalomania & Despotism
These historical autocracies appear with a severely malign culturally locked pattern of imaginary sovereignty with a flagrant and awful record throughout history. For the psychopaths, a firmly laid ground appeared during their lifetime, assuring the profits derived from an outstandingly insidious search for the ardour to live and rule after a prestigious ideal. Against the population's well-being, these autocrats' despotic megalomania all too often acts in profoundly revolting bestiality; with the robust creation of a fatal cultural paradigm in menacing delusion, they developed a terror of covert repugnant ideals. Thus, these autocracies succeeded by terror, setting overwhelmingly abhorrent standards fabricated by frugal greed and envy. Hence, the ground of tragedy was laid and generated for the psychopaths, the genetically influential factors to rule, divide and reinforce their despotic, dictatorial legacy.
Terror & Guardian DNA of the Past.
Of course, this ubiquitous and insidiously fatal terror coerces severe obstacles to the population's essential will for society's positive development and substantial barriers to the people's willingness to deal with the necessary knowledge of the country's natural resources. However, this silent terror is inevitably accompanied by direct fear among the inhabitants, a terror strong enough to activate fearful aversions within the consciousness of the population's most critical phobias of a deeply genetically rooted source. Autonomously, this genetic legacy from prehistory tormented silent people's minds to protect their life, even if its path was directed to humiliation in severe starvation. Naturally and tragically, this elemental guardian DNA from the past also inhibited the inhabitants' ability to reveal or stimulate their motivation to, for example, collect and safely store these massive amounts of rain and immense seasonal deluges.The Environment and the Loss of Civilizations
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| Destructive heritage within many of today's clans of autocrats give the culture a treacherous shift with a legacy of an obscure genetic inflow. The Dangerous Heritage of Terror |
The loss of the Country's Souls and Water
In this dangerously despotic political environment, it was important for the working part of the population to carefully avoid any public signs of individual economic success or personal interest in the development of society. As a result, the historical autocracies' despotism succeeded in their aim for personal profit by reluctance for temporary costs regarding humans and the country, thereby manipulating the inhabitants into deceivingly concealed and dangerously debilitating fatal deadlocks. Due to considering the threat from the psychopathy of the despotic power elite, this susceptible situation was then causing an imminent danger for any person aspiring the will to progress for their country's population's well-being and thereby become the vulnerable target for the power's jealousy in almighty megalomania.
Ethiopia's Tremendous Mighty River Nile.
After the surprisingly long opposite-turned detour of the Blue Nile's long journey towards the south and Ethiopia's Capital, Addis Ababa, the Blue Nile, at last, turns northwards and unites with the White Nile in Sudan and then continues to Egypt. Although the river Nile is very mighty when it, at last, arrives in Egypt, it can be seen as very odd how this classic river along its path from the Ethiopian Highland also is subdued by considerable water losses. Due to leaks along its extremely long river path, the River Nile is defeated with many forfeitures of water in soil permeability and evaporation. Furthermore, these countries receiving the water below the Ethiopian Highland are known as warmer lowland areas; nevertheless, this water from Ethiopia finally arrives in Egypt in historical quantities.𝐓𝐡𝐞 V𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 K𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐥𝐞𝐝𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 A𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐲
Aquifers, Technology and Evolution
Knowing these natural aquifers and their synergies with water technologies is antiquity's highly valued historical legacy. In their context, they are a well-known concept that helps to understand that a mighty mountain massif that receives abundant and regular precipitation with chilly temperatures also provides the conditions for harbouring this water. Hence, the plants genetically evolved into formidable distributors of the superficial rainwater and allowed this water to penetrate the soil's otherwise porous resistant structure, thereby creating groundwater. The Forgotten Sciences from Antiquity
𝐔𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐨𝐢𝐫𝐬
These historically and very early developed technical and geological-based methods for managing and saving enormous amounts of water that are often technically complex and aesthetically grandiose. The methods of this water technology vary significantly between different cultures and continents. Still, in the legacy of history, they are the basis of ancient civilizations' most important and original technological achievements.
Civilizations and Mountainous Rainfall
The precipitation that falls on high-lying mountain masses is usually of utmost importance for the opportunities to develop a stable and prosperous civilization for the societies below. This cultural dependency is a distinct and regular phenomenon recurring throughout history and today's cultures. The erosive forces can be devastating and contradictory, and this is because rainfall should usually be welcome. Nevertheless, significant problems are generally a lack of higher civilization, political turmoil, or a despotic and ignorant society under harsh control by a tragically corrupted heritage.The Fragile Restoration Of the Lost Nature
Science, much time and labour are needed for environmental restoration; this demands massive protection projects to offer the young plants the replacement for the lost biotope and its vital natural protective properties. Hence, restoring a lost biotope is complicated and requires much work to recreate a reliable substitute for the lost shielding armour of the primaeval forest. Therefore, due to the absence of the essential protective functions of mother trees and other plants, enormous efforts are required to recreate these guardian functions for the tender indigenous seedlings, which otherwise do not survive the very exposed ground.
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Inside Ethiopia, Tours invites you to be part of an unforgettable experience in Entoto Natural Park. We will meet in our office, located in Kazanchis (just in front of the UNECA back entrance), and our guide will accompany you in the local taxis up to the mountain. This is an excellent opportunity for you to experience Ethiopian commuting.
Once we arrive on Entoto Mountain, where the capital city was first founded in 1886, you will undoubtedly feel like having mentholated topical ointment. Yes, we are not big fans of the Eucalyptus tree either! That is why we want to promote indigenous seedling planting in Ethiopia by contributing to the Ethiopian Green Legacy.
Where do you plan to make your mark?
The Ethiopian Heritage Trustee Association is working to plant more than 50,000 indigenous saplings in Entoto Natural Park and Zego Kebele Association in Ankober District to cover exposed areas. Organizations: Associations: Educational institutions: All those who love nature, together with our association, let's build a country with suitable air by planting saplings. Let's plant indigenous saplings together.
The Ethiopian Heritage Trustee Association is working to plant more than 50,000 indigenous saplings in Entoto Natural Park and Zego Kebele Association in Ankober District to cover exposed areas.
Organizations: Associations: Educational institutions: All those who love nature, together with our association, let's build a country with suitable air by planting saplings. Let's plant indigenous saplings together.
As we believe, we are ready and waiting for you this year. The Ethiopian Heritage Trustee Association has planted native saplings in place of Eucalyptus trees with partner organizations and members in the Entoto natural park. He tells you that this year, come and plant saplings together to protect the environment. For more information:
📞 Call +251 Ethiopia
011-5-15-88-02/ 09-22-97-27-46
Ethiopian Heritage Trust - Plantation of Seedlings
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Erosion Prevention Ideas: https://www.pinterest.com/entoto0351/_saved/
The Science of Indigenous Ancient Trees:
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Erosion Prevention Ideas: https://www.pinterest.com/entoto0351/_saved/
The Science of Indigenous Ancient Trees:
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Identification, Propagation and
Management for 17 Agroclimatic Zones
Azene Bekele-Tesemma
Edited byBo Tengnäs, Ensermu Kelbesa, Sebsibe Demissew and Patrick Maundu
The contents of this handbook may be reproduced without special permission. However, acknowledgement of the source is requested. The photographers and artists concerned must be contacted for reproduction of illustrations. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of World Agroforestry Centre.
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Edited by
Bo Tengnäs, Ensermu Kelbesa, Sebsibe Demissew and Patrick Maundu
The contents of this handbook may be reproduced without special permission. However, acknowledgement of the source is requested. The photographers and artists concerned must be contacted for reproduction of illustrations. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of World Agroforestry Centre.
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